Oil & Lubricant Development: A look Behind The Scenes Part 2
There are many different documents needed when launching a new engine oil. Specifications, classifications, oil codes and Candidate Data Packages, they all sound interesting, in fact rather fascinating, but what do they mean?
Following on from his article looking behind the scenes of Commercial Vehicle oil and lubricant development, Morris Lubricants’ Technology Manager Adrian Hill, now takes a deeper dive into the documentation needed when making a quality product for all types of vehicles. He also explains what buyers and end users should look out for to help ensure the correct oil is selected, purchased and used. Adrian also gives some tips on how to check that the product will perform as it should!
The development of oils and lubricants for all types of vehicles is a meticulous and multi-faceted process that requires a deep understanding of chemistry, engineering, and industry requirements. From initial formulation to final production, each step is crucial in creating an oil or lubricant that delivers optimal performance and reliability. As technology advances and new challenges arise, the development of oil formulations and lubricants continues to evolve, driving innovation and efficiency in various industries.
Oils and lubricants need to be compliant. This is done by following the requirements set out in specifications tailored by original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), globally recognised classification systems or industry standards. These specifications, classifications and standards detail how the oil is expected to perform in an engine. For example, the oil used in diesel versus a petrol engine can be different. Vehicles from the same manufacturer can also have different engine oil requirements. Vehicles from different manufacturers can also have different engine oil requirements. This means that different engines require different engine oils.
The process of setting up these specifications, classifications and standards is not done haphazardly, and each step of the way generates a wealth of documentation that includes the results obtained from laboratory bench tests, engine test rigs and field trials. These test results form the basis of an approval and are validated by the OEM before an official sign off is issued. This approved and validated formulation carries its own unique oil code that can be recognised by the OEM in communications with the additive company, who developed the technology, and ultimately the oil blender. The unique oil code can be thought of as the recipe (formulation) required to make the correct oil or lubricant.
All of this data is compiled in a document referred to as a Candidate Data Package or CDP. It is the existence of the CDP that provides undeniable, bullet proof evidence that the finished lubricant is truly compliant and fully meets all the necessary criteria set out by the OEM or globally recognised organisations such as the European Automobile Manufacturers' Association (ACEA) and the American Petroleum Institute (API).
Reputable companies should have in their possession or have access to the CDP that supports the claims made on their oils and lubricants. An end-user should be aware that this documentation exists and be able to request it should there be any concerns over any specifications shown. Furthermore, an application for formal approvals cannot be made without its existence. If an oil or lubricant claims a formal approval, a CDP should be on file. This gives the buyer and the end user confidence that the product will perform as it should. Without this documentation, product performance cannot be relied upon.
Being able to prove an engine lubricants’ credentials is only part of the process, ensuring this formulation is scaled up accurately to commercial quantities, for use in the after-market, completes the picture. Lubricant blenders have an obligation to have in place strict production practices and a robust recognised Quality Management Control System to ensure compliance with the original oil code, together with its OEM and international specifications. This Quality Management Control System should be regularly externally audited and officially certified. Evidence of an independent audit should be available on request. Again, this gives buyers and users evidence that a quality product is being manufactured in the correct way.
In summary, the qualification process for engine lubricant specifications for various vehicles is exact and extensive. Declarations on a label should always be challenged should any doubt be present by the purchaser or user. Engines are complex and lubricant selection should not be taken lightly. The buyer and end user should be encouraged to challenge their supplier, who should have no difficulty in supporting their claims and ensuring peace of mind.